Food That Can Be Unsafe for Toddlers

As your toddler grows, he'll be eager to sample food from your plate – and you'll be eager to add variety to his diet. But not all foods are safe for your child. Some still pose a choking hazard.

Foods to avoid: 24 to 36 months

Low-fat milk: Most young toddlers need the fat and calories of whole milk for growth and development. Once your child turns 2 (and if he doesn't have any growth problems), you can start giving him lower-fat milk if you like. (If your child is at risk for obesity or heart disease, however, the doctor may recommend introducing low-fat milk before age 2.)

Choking hazards to watch out for

Large chunks: Pea-size pieces of food are safest — they won't get stuck in your child's throat. Vegetables like carrots, celery, and green beans should be diced, shredded, or cooked and cut up. Cut fruits like grapes, cherry tomatoes, and melon balls into quarters before serving, and shred or cut meats and cheeses into very small pieces.

Small, hard foods: Nuts, popcorn, cough drops, hard candies, raisins, and other small dried fruit and seeds are potential choking hazards.

Sticky and soft foods: Avoid chewing gum and soft foods like marshmallows and jelly candies that might get lodged in your child's throat.

Peanut butter: Be careful not to give your toddler large dollops of peanut butter, which can be difficult to swallow. Instead, spread peanut butter thinly on bread or crackers. You might want to try thinning it with some applesauce before spreading it.

More choking prevention:

•Avoid letting your child eat in the car since it's hard to supervise while driving.

•If you're using a rub-on teething medication, keep a close eye on your toddler as it can numb his throat and interfere with swallowing.

Foods to avoid: 24 to 36 months

Choking hazards: Even though your child is becoming a more competent eater, there's still a chance he’ll choke on his food. Continue to avoid the choking hazards listed above, and discourage your child from eating while walking, watching TV, or doing anything else that might distract him from his meal.

Foods to avoid: age 3 and up

Choking hazards: Your child is a very competent eater now, but you should still be on the lookout for pieces of food that he could choke on. Keep cutting his food into small pieces, especially things like grapes and pieces of hot dog that could completely block his airway if inhaled.

Continue to avoid popcorn, whole nuts, and chewing gum, and discourage your child from eating when distracted.

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How to Handle a Picky Eater

Why is my toddler such a picky eater?

Eating solid food is still a new experience for your toddler. He may need time to get used to the various textures, colors, and tastes of new food. And because young children crave consistency and familiarity (from bedtime routines to afternoon snacks), most of them won't try new foods until you've served them numerous times.

That said, this is a great time to teach your child to try new things, before he gets too set in his ways and before he begins to reject new foods as a way of asserting his independence (a distinct possibility as he nears his second birthday!). Offer a variety of healthy foods often, so he has the opportunity to dig in when he's ready — if not at lunch, then maybe during an afternoon snack.

Tips for introducing new foods to a picky eater

Your child has an innate sense of how much food his body needs to grow and be healthy, and it's up to him to decide what he's going to eat. The best thing you can do is to provide a wide variety of healthful foods in a positive, relaxed environment so that mealtimes will be enjoyable for everyone. Here are some specific tips on how to handle a picky eater:

• Serve a variety of good foods for your toddler to eat at each meal. When you do offer a new food, simply place it on your child's highchair tray without making a a big deal about it. Make sure the food you choose is age-appropriate.

• Introduce new foods one at a time and in small amounts. Instead of offering an entire meal of unfamiliar foods, for example, offer standard fare or favorites along with something new. Always offer a meal that includes at least one thing you know your toddler likes. And try to schedule a new food when you know your child is hungry — a snack of mango slices when he has the afternoon munchies, for example.

• Use toddler-size portions. A serving of bread for a 1-year-old is only 1/4 slice, and a serving of rice, potatoes, or pasta is only about 2 tablespoons — much smaller than an adult serving size.

• Understand that some children's palates are more sensitive than others' and they simply won't like the texture, color, or taste of some foods. That's why a child might claim to dislike a food he has never even tried. Likewise, some children may reject a food because it reminds them of a time when they were sick, or because they have some other negative association with it.

• Look for ways to boost the nutritional value of the dishes your toddler enjoys. Add some wheat germ or diced chicken to his macaroni casserole and little chunks of fruit to his favorite cereal, for example.

• Resist the urge to offer sugary foods in an effort to get your toddler to eat more. You want to develop his sense of culinary adventure, not his sweet tooth!

• Minimize distractions at the table. If a sibling is running around nearby, or a cartoon beckons from across the room, your toddler may have trouble maintaining interest in the food being served. Try to make meals relaxed and quiet.

How can I get my toddler to eat a wider variety of foods?

It's not realistic to expect a toddler to embrace a wide range of foods. In the long run, the example you set by serving and enjoying all sorts of healthy foods — at home and on the go — is one of the best ways to help your child learn to eat well. But for now, your toddler's decision to eat only a few things is his choice, and it's important to let him learn to make his own decisions about food from the get-go.

"A child needs to be in control of what he eats," says Nancy Hudson, a registered dietitian at the University of California, Berkeley. That's because forcing a toddler to eat a food he doesn't like or a quantity he can't handle may set him up for problems later on: Children who are never allowed to make food decisions themselves (such as deciding when they're full) are at a greater risk for developing eating disorders or becoming obese later in life. What's more, your strategy will almost always backfire because forcing your toddler to try new foods will only make him more stubborn and less open to trying new things in the future.

If your toddler seems to be eating nothing but cheese and crackers for days on end, don't worry. Start keeping a record of what your toddler eats and you'll probably find that he's hitting all the major food groups and getting the necessary nutrients over the course of a week. Studies from the American Dietetic Association show that children — even those whose parents consider them "picky eaters" — generally consume a wide enough variety of foods to meet their nutritional requirements. If you really don't think your toddler is eating well, ask your doctor whether it makes sense to give him a daily multivitamin.

How can I tell whether my child is really getting enough to eat if he's not growing?

Don't panic if it seems like your toddler isn't growing fast enough. Children don't always grow at a steady pace and there will be times when your child doesn't seem to be growing at all. Your toddler won't grow at nearly the same rate as he did in his first year of life. Keep in touch with your doctor if you're concerned about your child's weight gain, but don't convey your concerns to your child. If you're constantly hovering at mealtime, or wheedling, cajoling, and counting calories, he's likely to become even more resistant to eating.

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Don't worry if your child eats more or less than the amounts listed — they're only meant as rough guidelines.

Age: 12 to 18 months
Signs of readiness for self-feeding • Can start to use a spoon himself (though proficiency will take a while!)
What to feed • Whole milk • Other dairy (soft pasteurized cheese, full-fat yogurt and cottage cheese) • Same food as family, mashed or chopped into bite-size pieces • Iron-fortified cereals (rice, barley, wheat, oats, mixed cereals) • Other grains (whole wheat bread, pasta, rice) • New fruits: melon, papaya, apricot, grapefruit (citrus is now okay) • New vegetables: broccoli and cauliflower "trees" • Protein (eggs; cut-up or ground meat, poultry, boneless fish; tofu; beans; thinly spread smooth peanut butter) • Citrus and non-citrus juice • Honey is now okay	How much per day • 2 to 3 servings dairy (1 serving = ½ cup milk, ½ to 1 oz. cheese, 1/3 to ½ cup yogurt or cottage cheese) • 4 to 6 servings cereals and other grains (1 serving = ¼ to 1/3 cup cereal, ¼ cup pasta or rice, ¼ to ½ slice bread or bagel) • ¼ to ½ cup fruit • ¼ to ½ cup vegetables • 2 servings protein (1 serving = 2 tablespoons ground or two 1-inch cubes meat, poultry, or fish; 1 egg; ¼ cup tofu or cooked beans; 1 tablespoon smooth peanut butter) • 3 to 4 oz. juice
Feeding tips • Introduce new foods one at a time, with at least three days in between to make sure your child's not allergic. • Choking hazards are still a danger. Learn more about foods to watch out for.

Sumber

Jadual Waktu Makan

jadual pemakanan bayi 5 kali sehari..

pukul 9 - sarapan
pukul 11 - makan pagi
pukul 1 - lunch
pukul 5 - makan petang
pukul 7-8 - makan malam

Panduan Pemakanan

Dua tahun pertama kanak-kanak adalah yang paling penting kerana pada ketika inilah pembentukan otak berlaku. Jika seseorang wanita tidak mendapat cukup khasiat semasa hamil, atau jika anaknya tidak mendapat khasiat secukupnya pada ketika ini, pertumbuhan fizikal dan mental kanak-kanak mungkin menjadi perlahan. Ini tidak boleh digantikan apabila kanak-kanak lebih tua - ia akan menjejaskan kanak- kanak seumur hidupnya

Kanak-kanak Asia bercerai susu awal jadi ibu bapa mestilah menjadikannya satu tabiat agar memberi mereka sekurang-kurangnya 2-3 gelas susu setiap hari, sehingga mereka remaja. Kalsium adalah penting untuk tulang yang sihat.

Sejak lahir hingga 2 tahun:

* Susu badan adalah satu-satunya makanan yang terbaik untuk bayi sejak lahir hingga berumur enam bulan. Ia memberi pemakanan yang baik dan melindungi daripada jangkitan. Penyusuan bayi harus diteruskan selama sekurang-kurangnya tahun pertama, jika boleh. Jika menyusukan bayi adalah mustahil atau tidak diingini, formula yang diperkaya zat besi (bukan susu lembu) tidak seharusnya diguna sepanjang 12 bulan pertama. Susu lengkap lembu boleh diguna untuk mengganti susu formula atau susu ibu selepas umur 12 bulan.

* Bayi yang disusui ibu yang tidak mendapat pendedahan yang kerap terhadap cahaya matahari mungkin perlu menerima suplemen vitamin D.

* Mulakan sesuatu makanan baru pada satu masa supaya lebih mudah untuk mengenal pasti makanan yang bermasalah. Contohnya, tunggu satu minggu sebelum menambah setiap bijirin, sayuran atau makanan baru yang lain.

* Guna makanan kaya zat besi, seperti bijian, bijirin yang diperkaya zat besi, dan daging.

* Jangan beri madu kepada bayi sepanjang 12 bulan pertama.

* Jangan hadkan lemak sepanjang dua tahun yang pertama.

Dua tahun dan lebih tua:

* Beri pelbagai jenis makanan, termasuk buah-buahan, sayur-sayuran, dan bijian lengkap.

* Guna garam (kalium) dan gula secara sederhana.

* Galakkan diet yang rendah lemak, lemak tepu dan kolesterol.

* Bantu anak anda mengekalkan berat yang sihat dengan memberi makanan yang betul dan galakkan mereka agar kerap bersenam.

Cara Untuk Bekukan Makanan

kiub ais tu ye yg tu le.. kan ice tray tu byk2 kiub kan.. lepas makanan dah sejuk, cedukkan makanan tu ke dalam kiub2 tu... dan bekukan le...

utk jimatkan ruang, lepas kiub makanan tu dah keras, keluarkan dari bekasnya dan masukkan semua dalam plastik.. 1 bekas plastik 1 jenis makanan...

lepas tu utk bawak p babysitter./taska, keluarkan le 1 kiub.. kalau baby dah makan sayur+protin, masukkan la 1kiub sayur+1kiub ikan... campurkan terus dalam bubur nasik.. tak yah panaskan dulu

Introduce Solid Food

utk tekstur bergantung kpd kesediaan dan penerimaan bayi.. secara amnya, blend sampai 6-7 bulan.. masuk 8 bulan boleh lenyek je.. 10 bulan bagi yg lembiknye.. setahun dah boleh bagi nasik sebutir2 tu... tapi kalau baby tak ready lagi, dalam 2 minggu lepas tu introduce balik semula

utk kenalkan makanan jenis baru pun cam tu... campur satu2 dlm bubur baby.. skrg ramai baby dah alergik. penyakit zaman moden ni... so campur satu2 jenis dulu, tunggu 4-5 hari tengok ada simptom2 alergi tak.. kalau tak de boleh teruskan.. kalau ada ruam byk, sembelit, cirit-birit, muntah2 stop immediately

untuk bayi 6 bulan sukatan nasi ialah 5 sudu makan, sayur-sayuran 1 sudu makan penuh, Isi ikan/ayam 1 sudu makan penuh dan buah-buahan 2 sudu makan penuh untuk sehari. mean kalau bayi makan 2 kali sehari bagilah dengan 2

jika bayi anda berumur 7-9 bulan nasi - 2 cawan, sayur 3 sudu makan,protein - 2 sudu makan dan buah 2 sudu makan

10-12 bulan - nasi 13/4 cawan nasi lembik, sayur - 3 sudu makan penuh,protein 4 sudu makan buah 2 sudu makan

kalau berat bayi anda kurang boleh tambah minyak untuk 2 sudu teh sehari.

cara masak sayur yg betul utk kekalkan zat dia.. basuh dulu baru potong.. kalau boleh jgn potong kecik2... jerang air.. tunggu air betul2 menggelegak... lepas menggelegak, masukkan sayur...
masak dgn api besar dan jangan masak lama2...lepas tu baru kisar / tapis / cincang kecik.. utk baby kecik kisar la...sesetengah sayur elok kita steam/kukus je lagi byk zat dpt dikekalkan

basuh ikan bilis buang tulang2 dia pastu keringkan (jemur) lepas keringkan baru goreng or sangai je tanpa minyak, or guna minya jagung je tp dlm kuantiti yg sikit. if basuh2 terus goreng sampai dh nak hangus ikan bilis still keras

Pelbagai Jenis Bubur

• dicadangkan bubur yg dibuat letak daun sup sikit..tapi jgn banyak..nanti busuk..daun sup buat bau bubur tuh menyelerakan

• buat bubur nasi kosong mcm biase..dah agak masak, pastu parutkan carrot halus2 pastu masukkan daun bayam.tunggu sekejap smpai bayam layu.tutup api. sementara tu grg fillet ayam dgn minyak zaitun/mentega yg amat sikit. pastu carik2kan ayam..masuk dlm bubur tadi...pastu masukkan dlm sesudu kecil myk zaitun or mentega dlm bubur..

• nasi + labu + bilis
  nasi + kangkung + isi ikan
  oat + kismis (kisar halus)
  epal (rebus) + oat
  buah pir (rebus) + oat
  nasi + ayam + tomato (lepas umur 11 bulan sbb tomato acidic)
  nasi + ikan + tomato
  nasi + sawi pak choy + isi ikan
  nasi + isi kurma
  oat + pisang (pisang mentah)
  oat + ayam + daun saderi

• oat tu kisar halus n tapis n kalau nak pakai masukkan je air panas utk kismis kena pandai pilih cos ade kismis yg berbiji so kalau berbiji, rendam dulu ngan air panas bg kembang
  pastu kuarka biji bru blend, kalau kismis tu tak berbiji rendam sat dlm air panas pastu blend

• ikan bilis goreng tanpa minyak n blend sampai hancur.pastu ketepikan..pastu blend pulak broncoli pastu ketepikan n jgn buang air yg lebih tu. pastu tumis garlic n ginger ngan butter.pastu masukkan bubur yg separuh masak(nisa buat bubur separuh masak/kembang mase weekend) dlm 3 4 sudu. tumis sampai sebati . pastu masukkan air (nak bg bubur kembang lagi).masukkan lebihan air sayur. pastu masuk ikan bilis yg dah blend tadi . dah nak kering baru masukan broncoli yg hancur tu.tuk elak hilang vitamin

• bubur nasi ayam dan sawi (blend hancur) ... resepi cam biasa, cuma tambah dlm sesudu butter. harum..

• rupanya dia suka bubur sosej....tumis bawang merah dan sosej hingga naik bau....
  masukkan air...air dah mendidih, masukkan beras wangi (sofie suka makan bubur dari beras wangi. buat guna beras biasa, dia tak boleh nak makan) campurkan sekali carrot, kentang, dan jagung manis....dah masak bubur tu, masukkan hirisan daun sup.....